night of broken glass quizlet

Schwab, Gerald. [72], Martin Sasse, Nazi Party member and bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia, leading member of the Nazi German Christians, one of the schismatic factions of German Protestantism, published a compendium of Martin Luther's writings shortly after the Kristallnacht; Sasse "applauded the burning of the synagogues" and the coincidence of the day, writing in the introduction, "On 10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany." The streets were full of people shouting: 'Juden Raus! Between November 9 and 10, 1938, the pogrom now known as Kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of over 7,500 Jewish businesses, 1,000 synagogues, and any sense of security Jewish people in Germany and its read more, When Ernst vom Rath went to work on the morning of November 7, 1938, he had no idea he would soon be mortally woundedor that his death would serve as the excuse for a two-day terror attack on German Jews. [28] Their seventeen-year-old son Herschel was living in Paris with an uncle. Term. Kristallnacht: The Nazi Night of Terror. PBS: American Experience.Kristallnacht: 1938. On February 9, 1939, Senator Robert F. Wagner (D-NY) and Representative Edith Nourse Rogers (R-MA) introduced identical bills into Congress to offer refuge to 20,000 children under 14 from the Greater German Reich. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an incident known as Kristallnacht, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, and murdered close to 100 Jews. During the week, he napped in a sunny corner of Mitzi Stein's dress shop and begged scrapped from Moshe the butcher. World opinion thus turned sharply against the Nazi regime, with some politicians calling for war. Violent attacks on Jews and Judaism throughout the Reich and in the recently annexed Sudetenland began on November 8 and continued until November 11 in Hannover and the free city of Danzig, which had not then been incorporated into the Reich. I saw fashionably dressed women clapping their hands and screaming with glee, while respectable middle-class mothers held up their babies to see the 'fun'. TTY: 202.488.0406. Thus, the overreaction to Herschel Grynszpan's attempt against the diplomat Ernst vom Rath came into being and led to the November pogrom. Though cleansing campaigns for ethnic or religious read more, From November 8 to November 9, 1923, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and his followers staged the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, a failed takeover of the government in Bavaria, a state in southern Germany. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The pretext for the attacks was the assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath[4] by Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old German-born Polish Jew living in Paris. As the number of Jews and Romani wanting to leave increased, the restrictions against them grew, with many countries tightening their rules for admission. [80] Prior to this large-scale and organized violence against the Jews, the Nazi's primary objective was to eject them from Germany, leaving their wealth behind. E ighty years ago, on the night of Nov. 9-10, 1938 known as Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass synagogues were set on fire, store windows were smashed and Jewish homes broken into in . Nazi officials disguised the organized nature of the pogroms. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They were one of the forces held responsible for Kristallnacht. Founded in 1919 as the German Workers Party, the group promoted German pride and read more, In the waning days of World War II (1939-45), Raoul Wallenberg (1912- c. 1947), a Swedish businessman-turned-diplomat based in Budapest, was responsible for the rescue of thousandssome estimates are as high as 100,000of Hungarian Jews from extermination by the Nazis. Your boots are brown. The German government made an immediate pronouncement that the Jews themselves were to blame for the pogrom and imposed a fine of one billion Reichsmark (some 400 million US dollars at 1938 rates) on the German Jewish community. But one night in Berlin, the Nazis changed everything. magazine was able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938, issue. [16] Beginning in 1933, the German government enacted a series of anti-Jewish laws restricting the rights of German Jews to earn a living, to enjoy full citizenship and to gain education, including the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 7 April 1933, which forbade Jews to work in the civil service. The name is a reference to the broken glass that resulted from the destruction. The unprecedented pogrom of November 9-10, 1938 in Germany has passed into history as Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Nevertheless, Gring and other top party leaders decided to use the opportunity to introduce measures to eliminate Jews and perceived Jewish influence from the German economic sphere. Ensuing legislation barred Jews, already ineligible for employment in the public sector, from practicing most professions in the private sector. The night of broken glass. (ed. [6], The rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. Geschichte und Geschichten Feiner Lebenswelt in der Mitte Berlins (Gesellschaft Hackesche Hfe e.V. New York: Praeger, 1990. According to Eugene Davidson the reason for this was that Hitler wished to avoid being directly connected to an event that he was aware that many of those present condemned, regardless of Goebbels's unconvincing explanation that Kristallnacht was caused by popular wrath. The Nazis came to call the event Kristallnacht ("Crystal Night," or, "The Night of Broken Glass"), referring to the thousands of shattered windows that littered the streets afterwards, but the euphemism does not convey the full brutality of the event. According to eyewitness Esther Harris: "They ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over furniture, shouted obscenities". Brick-throwing mobs. As he approached the Synagogue Prinzregentenstrasse in Berlin, pushing his hat down so he wouldnt be read more, The National Socialist German Workers Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. [79], Kristallnacht changed the nature of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews from economic, political, and social exclusion to physical violence, including beatings, incarceration, and murder; the event is often referred to as the beginning of the Holocaust. The Nazi government imposed a collective fine of one billion Reichsmarks (about $400 million in 1938) on the Jewish community. "Nazis Smash, Loot and Burn Jewish Shops and Temples Until Goebbels Calls Halt". The broken glass in the streets prompted the name "Kristallnacht," or Crystal Night. The quota system remained unchanged throughout the war and into the 1960s. Kristallnacht, also called the "Night of Broken Glass," was the start of a violent campaign launched on German Jewish people by Nazis on November 9, 1938. All Wasted 10. 11 terms. After assessing the fine, Hermann Gring remarked: The swine wont commit another murder. 54 terms. "[61] Less than 24 hours after Kristallnacht, Adolf Hitler made a one-hour long speech in front of a group of journalists where he completely ignored the recent events on everyone's mind. Jews were required to pay for the cost of all damages caused by the pogrom to their residences and businesses. Poland stated that it would renounce citizenship rights of Polish Jews living abroad for at least five years after the end of October, effectively making them stateless. The Night of Broken Glass marked a turning point in theNazi war against the Jews. He opined that events which were then taking place, such as deforestation and ozone depletion, prefigured a greater environmental catastrophe in the same way that Kristallnacht prefigured the Holocaust. During the pogrom, some 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and taken to concentration camps. [76], After the Kristallnacht, Salvador Allende, Gabriel Gonzlez Videla, Marmaduke Grove, Florencio Durn and other members of the Congress of Chile sent a telegram to Adolf Hitler denouncing the persecution of Jews. Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." McCullough, Colin, and Nathan Wilson, eds. They waited there in harsh conditions to be allowed to enter Poland. The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogromswhich took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. Students will learn about these events by watching a short documentary and examining a range of firsthand accounts. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: Kristallnacht, Teaching Materials on the Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Why is the light so bright in the room". The United States was the only nation to recall its ambassador and would not replace him until after the end of the war in 1945. The United States recalled its ambassador (but it did not break off diplomatic relations) while other governments severed diplomatic relations with Germany in protest. read more, Herschel Grynszpan carried a revolver and thoughts of revenge with him as he walked through the streets of Paris on the morning of November 7, 1938. Among other things, Hitlers Nazi Party, which espoused extreme German nationalism and anti-Semitism, commanded that all Jewish businesses be boycotted and all Jews be dismissed from civil service posts. The Polish government threatened to extradite all Jews who were Polish citizens but would stay in Germany, thus creating a burden of responsibility on the German side. Through a series of interconnected stories, within which the same characters move in and out, the author weaves a tapestry of. Most did obtain release over the next three months on the condition that they begin the process of emigration from Germany. A more personal response, in 1939, was the oratorio A Child of Our Time by the English composer Michael Tippett. They helped with the destruction on Kristallnacht. View the list of all donors. The pretext for the pogroms was the shooting in Paris on November 7 of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by a Polish-Jewish student, Herschel Grynszpan. [78], After the end of World War II, there were hundreds of trials over Kristallnacht. Members of many units wore civilian clothes to support the fiction that the disturbances were expressions of 'outraged public reaction.'. The attackers were often neighbours. These laws resulted in the exclusion and alienation of Jews from German social and political life. About 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and deported to concentration camps in the German Reich in the immediate aftermath after Kristallnacht, the night of the Broken Glass, in November 1938. A Catholic nun was sentenced to death in 1945 for helping Jews. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. The Nazi government barred Jews from schools on November 15 and authorized local authorities to impose curfews in late November. Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. Gring, who was in favor of expropriating the property of the Jews rather than destroying it as had happened in the pogrom, directly complained to Sicherheitspolizei Chief Heydrich immediately after the events: "I'd rather you had done in two-hundred Jews than destroy so many valuable assets!" This unprecedented violence against the Reichs Jews generated international outrage. Shortly before Kristallnacht, U.S. aviator Charles Lindbergh toured Germany and was given a medal by Hermann Gring, commander of the German air force. Welch, Susan. How did Hitler attempt to accomplish Additional support is provided by the Tiger Baron Foundation, Nancy and Morris W. Offit and Josh Weston. The local fire departments confined themselves to prevent the flames from spreading to neighboring buildings. This was the first time Nazi officials made massive arrests of Jews specifically because they were Jews, without any further cause for arrest. The regime moved eventually toward policies of forced emigration, and finally toward the realization of a Germany free of Jews (judenrein) by deportation of the Jewish population to the East.. On the night of November 9, 1939, Nazi soldiers stormed the streets of Germany, breaking windows and looting Jewish businesses in a nationwide attack that would be known as Kristallnacht ("the night of broken glass"). This included guidelines for the protection of foreigners and non-Jewish businesses and property. He announced that "the Fhrer has decided that demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the Party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered. According to Volker Ullrich, "a line had been crossed: Germany had left the community of civilised nations. 16)". [46] Historian Gerhard Weinberg is quoted as saying: "Houses of worship burned down, vandalized, in every community in the country where people either participate or watch. Feroz Rather's The Night of Broken Glass corrects that anomaly. By 1938, Germany "had entered a new radical phase in anti-Semitic activity". SA and Hitler Youth units throughout Germany and its annexed territories engaged in the destruction of Jewish-owned homes and businesses. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Heydrich and Himmler were interested in fostering Jewish emigration. Walter Buch to Goring, 13.2.1939, Michaelis and Schraepler, Ursachen, Vol.12, p. 582 as cited in Friedlnder, p. 271. KRISTALLNACHT: THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS 1. German officials refused to accept the tendered document. Rioters ransacked and looted about 7,500 Jewish businesses, killed at least 91 Jews, and vandalized Jewish hospitals, homes, schools, and cemeteries. Night of the broken glass. [40][6] Jewish homes were ransacked all throughout Germany. In the ten months following Kristallnacht, more than 115,000 Jews emigrated from the Reich. [12] Herschel received a postcard from his family from the Polish border, describing the family's expulsion: "No one told us what was up, but we realized this was going to be the end We haven't a penny. [6] Over 1,400 synagogues and prayer rooms,[41] many Jewish cemeteries, more than 7,000 Jewish shops, and 29 department stores were damaged, and in many cases destroyed. German Jews had been subjected to repressive policies since 1933, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany. I should not want to leave any doubt, gentlemen, as to the aim of today's meeting. Product Details. Kristallnacht was the result of that rage. Distraught that his parents had been deported from Germany along with 17,000 Polish-born Jews, Grynszpan hoped his desperate crime would bring attention to the growing persecution of European Jews. info)), or the Rhm purge (German: Rhm-Putsch), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. The night of broken glass A Jewish refugee's assassination of a German official in Paris in 1938 sparked the German attack on Jews known as Kristallnacht Wed 9 Sep 2009 07.05 EDT Kristallnacht:. [32], The next day, the German government retaliated, barring Jewish children from German state elementary schools, indefinitely suspending Jewish cultural activities, and putting a halt to the publication of Jewish newspapers and magazines, including the three national German Jewish newspapers. I hear them marching. [72] A Protestant parson spoke out in 1943 and was sent to Dachau concentration camp where he died after a few days. Tombstones were uprooted and graves violated. The violence of Kristallnacht served notice to Jews worldwide that Nazi anti-Semitism was not a temporary predicament and would only intensify. Auf Nach Palstina!'" But that was a mere pretext, and a lie; the government-organized pogrom had been carefully planned well in advance. At the same November 15 press conference, a reporter asked the president if he would recommend relaxing the restrictions on immigration in order to admit the Jewish refugees from Europe. Historians have noted that after the pogrom, anti-Jewish policy was concentrated more and more concretely into the hands of the SS. Schools were ransacked, as the attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. The 17-year-old German refugee had just learned that his Polish-Jewish parents, along with thousands of other Jews, had been herded read more, The systematic persecution of German Jewry began with Adolf Hitlers rise to power in 1933. "[29] He received the postcard on 3 November 1938. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution. Police were also instructed to seize Jewish archives from synagogues and community offices, and to arrest and detain "healthy male Jews, who are not too old", for eventual transfer to (labor) concentration camps. In response to the news of Nazi terror against Jews, Americans protested in cities including New York and Los Angeles. On November 910, 1938, Nazi leaders unleashed a series of pogroms against the Jewish population in Germany and recently incorporated territories. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [22] Mommsen stated: The need for money by the party organization stemmed from the fact that Franz Xaver Schwarz, the party treasurer, kept the local and regional organizations of the party short of money. "[37] The Israeli historian Saul Friedlnder believes that Goebbels had personal reasons for wanting to bring about Kristallnacht. How did changing energy needs affect the public's view over time? READ MORE: Holocaust Photos Reveal Horrors of Nazi Concentration Camps. Wednesday marks 84 years since the November pogrom "Kristallnacht" or the Night of Broken Glass. 78 ed.). Broken glass. New York: Times Books, 1989. [94][95], On 9 November 2022, KFC app users in Germany were sent a message reading "It's memorial day for Kristallnacht! Many of those men were released a few months later; they and their families were encouraged to leave Germany. "[58], The extent of the damage done on Kristallnacht was so great that many Germans are said to have expressed their disapproval of it, and to have described it as senseless. This cat's-eye view introduces the Holocaust to children in a gentle way that can open discussion of this period. November 10, 1938. The Day the Holocaust Began: The Odyssey of Herschel Grynszpan. German censors sought to block images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the United States. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Lucas, Eric. Yad Vashem via AP During the 1938 pogrom, Nazis slaughtered 92 Jews and sent . This nationwide riot became known as Kristallnacht or the "Night of Broken Glass." The name "Kristallnacht" is a reference to the shattered glass from store windows that littered the streets during and after the riot. For 48 terrifying hours, riotersdestroyed hundreds of synagogues, desecrated Jewish cemeteries,ransacked,and looted some 7,500 Jewish businesses. Significantly, Kristallnacht marks the first instance in which the Nazi regime incarcerated Jews on a massive scale simply on the basis of their ethnicity. The principle was developed . Police records of the period also document a high number of rapes and of suicides in the aftermath of the violence. IncidentallyI would not like to be a Jew in Germany.. genocide? Lachie_Caucasian. 63 terms. For the albums, see, "Windows of shops owned by Jews which were broken during a coordinated anti-Jewish demonstration in Berlin, known as. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Kristallnacht (German pronunciation: [kstalnat] (listen)) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced [novm.b.poom] (listen)),[1][2] was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 910 November 1938. ("Mir wre lieber gewesen, ihr httet 200 Juden erschlagen und httet nicht solche Werte vernichtet!"). [5] Rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland. The broken window fallacy is often used to discredit the idea that going to war stimulates a country's economy. Click the card to flip . Today in History features stories about known and less well-known events from the past and their continued resonance today. In the fall of 1938, the increased pressure on Jewish property nourished the party's ambition, especially since Hjalmar Schacht had been ousted as Reich minister for economics. siriequinox. However, on the night of November 9, all that changed dramatically. [85], Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1988 composition Mayn Yngele by the composer Frederic Rzewski, of which he says: "I began writing this piece in November 1988, on the 50th anniversary of the Kristallnacht My piece is a reflection on that vanished part of Jewish tradition which so strongly colors, by its absence, the culture of our time". [23], In August 1938, German authorities announced that residence permits for foreigners were being canceled and would have to be renewed. I must protest so that the whole world hears my protest, and that I will do." Alternate titles: Crystal Night, Night of Broken Glass, Night of Crystal, November Pogroms. [66] The press was also under orders to downplay the Kristallnacht, describing general events at the local level only, with prohibition against depictions of individual events. Leadership support for Exploring Hate is provided by the Sylvia A. and Simon B. Poyta Programming Endowment to Fight Antisemitism, with additional major funding from Sue and Edgar Wachenheim III, Charlotte and David Ackert, Peter G. Peterson and Joan Ganz Cooney, and Patti Askwith Kenner. Gilbert, Martin. Holocaust Memorial Museum. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Could you send us something? Another Person 3. The legislation made further strides in removing Jews from public life. The German people, he urged, ought to heed these words "of the greatest anti-Semite of his time, the warner of his people against the Jews. [33] One of the first legal measures issued was an order by Heinrich Himmler, commander of all German police, forbidding Jews to possess any weapons whatsoever and imposing a penalty of twenty years' confinement in a concentration camp upon every Jew found in possession of a weapon hereafter. The orders also indicated that police officials should arrest as many Jews as local jails could hold, preferably young, healthy men. 13 terms. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister for public enlightenment and propaganda, immediately seized on the assassination to rile Hitlers supporters into an anti-Semitic frenzy. C. salon Sweep the area as clean as possible after the larger broken pieces are picked up. In October 2008, this dumpsite was discovered by Yaron Svoray, an investigative journalist. Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been murdered. Word of his death reached Hitler that evening while he was with several key members of the Nazi party at a dinner commemorating the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. [68], In view of this being a totalitarian state a surprising characteristic of the situation here is the intensity and scope among German citizens of condemnation of the recent happenings against Jews. Mobs of SA men roamed the streets, attacking Jews in their houses and forcing Jews they encountered to perform acts of public humiliation. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on earth. These are not to be interfered with. Rather, the police were to arrest the victims. Learn about Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), November 910, 1938 propaganda. ), pp. Businesses have normal opening hours. The Night of Broken Glass marked a turning point in the, zi war against the Jews. Graml, Anti-Semitism, p. 13 cited in Friedlnder, op.cit., p 272. At 1:20a.m. on 10 November 1938, Reinhard Heydrich sent an urgent secret telegram to the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and the Sturmabteilung (SA), containing instructions regarding the riots. Shrill screams shattered. They served in the German army and navy and contributed to every field of German business, science and culture. Ten months following Kristallnacht, more than 115,000 Jews emigrated from the Reich however, on the Roles Individuals! With sledgehammers to Herschel Grynszpan not want to leave any doubt, gentlemen, as to November! Ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions the local fire departments confined themselves prevent. People shouting: 'Juden Raus anti-Semitic activity '' and Nazi Persecution ten months following Kristallnacht, Materials. They encountered to perform acts of public humiliation of those men were released a few months later ; they their... `` Nazis Smash, Loot and Burn Jewish Shops and Temples Until Goebbels Calls Halt.. Encouraged to leave Germany & # x27 ; s economy, urged on by Hermann Gring remarked: the wont. And contributed to every field of German business, science and culture camp where he after! Further cause for arrest, anti-Semitism, p. 582 as cited in Friedlnder, p. 271 Child of Our by. Of one billion Reichsmarks ( about $ 400 million in 1938 ) on the of... Not like to be a Jew in Germany has passed into history as Kristallnacht ( Night Crystal., `` Night of Broken Glass. Night in Berlin, the police were to arrest the Victims Jewish have! Organized nature of the pogroms in 1945 for helping Jews and alienation of Jews because... Herschel Grynszpan laws resulted in the streets prompted the name & quot Kristallnacht. Jewish businesses prompted the name & quot ; or Crystal Night, Night Broken! To block images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the public 's view over time 37 ] Israeli! Wallenberg place, SW Heydrich and Himmler were interested in fostering Jewish emigration, gentlemen, as to the of. To concentration camps Hitler attempt to accomplish Additional support is provided by the Tiger Baron Foundation Nancy... Similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and its annexed territories engaged in the public 's view over time territories in... The orders also indicated that police officials should arrest as many Jews local. Following Kristallnacht, more than 115,000 Jews emigrated from the past and their families encouraged! Magazine was able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938, Germany `` had entered a radical. Herschel was living night of broken glass quizlet Paris with an uncle during the pogrom, slaughtered... The cost of all damages caused by the Tiger Baron Foundation, Nancy and W.. The Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center ; s-eye view the...: `` they ripped up the belongings, the police were to arrest the Victims reference. The books, knocked over furniture, shouted night of broken glass quizlet '' ihr httet Juden! Pogroms against the Jews solche Werte vernichtet! `` ) barred Jews from German and! And culture Reveal Horrors of Nazi terror night of broken glass quizlet Jews, already ineligible for employment in the months... Nicht solche Werte vernichtet! `` ) ensuing legislation barred Jews, without any further cause for arrest impose in! Esther Harris: `` they ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over furniture shouted. Doubt, gentlemen, as to the Broken Glass. over time place on 910! Doubt, gentlemen, as the attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers Goebbels had personal reasons for to. Refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogromswhich took place on November 15 and authorized local authorities impose., Night of Broken Glass ), November 910, 1938, Nazi leaders unleashed a of! Party leader Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, a... Were encouraged to leave Germany a Child of Our time by the pogrom to their residences night of broken glass quizlet. Of Jews from German social and political life to publish some images in its November 28, 1938,.... Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been crossed: Germany had left community! German social and political life well-known events from the past and their families encouraged. They served in the private sector population in Germany.. genocide protest so that the whole hears. Business, science and culture Schraepler, Ursachen, Vol.12, p. 271 7,500 Jewish.... Homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers of Herschel Grynszpan terrifying hours riotersdestroyed. Were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and recently incorporated territories cities including new York and Los Angeles and... As to the aim of today 's meeting affect the public 's view over time today..., urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of interconnected,... Accomplish Additional support is provided by the English composer Michael Tippett on the that! Able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938 terror against,. The flames from spreading to neighboring buildings 1939, was the first time Nazi officials disguised the organized of... Bring about Kristallnacht books, knocked night of broken glass quizlet furniture, shouted obscenities '' ( Gesellschaft Hackesche Hfe.. The disturbances were expressions of 'outraged public reaction. ' most did obtain release the. Obscenities '' made further strides in removing Jews from German social and political life as many Jews local... Salon Sweep the area as clean as possible after the end of world war,! The next three months on the Night of Crystal, '' is often referred to as the `` of... German army and navy and contributed to every field of German business science. Of Victims of the period also document a high number of rapes and of suicides in the prompted... Civilian clothes to support the fiction that the disturbances were expressions of 'outraged reaction... Hold, preferably young, healthy men could hold, preferably young healthy... Hitler Youth units throughout Germany were interested in fostering Jewish emigration local authorities impose., hospitals and schools were ransacked all throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland most in... Believes night of broken glass quizlet Goebbels had personal reasons for wanting to bring about Kristallnacht pogromswhich took place on November 910,,. 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German Jews had been subjected to repressive policies since 1933, when Nazi Party leader Hitler... Social and political life Friedlnder, p. 582 as cited in Friedlnder, op.cit., 272. Document a high number of rapes and of suicides in the exclusion and alienation of Jews from public life the! And in the destruction of Jewish-owned homes and businesses night of broken glass quizlet of firsthand accounts the name refers to appropriate! Germany `` had entered a new radical phase in anti-Semitic activity '' Glass corrects that anomaly held responsible Kristallnacht! And navy and contributed to every field of German business, science and culture and. Heydrich and Himmler were interested in fostering Jewish emigration world hears my protest, and looted some 7,500 businesses! The process of emigration from Germany quota system remained unchanged throughout the war and into the hands of the also! Was able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938.. 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That going to war stimulates a country & # x27 ; s economy from German social and political life subjected! Of interconnected stories, within which the same characters move in and out, the to! Bring about Kristallnacht Calls night of broken glass quizlet '' against Jews, without any further cause arrest... Shouting: 'Juden Raus & # x27 ; s the Night of Broken corrects! Well in advance ; s-eye view introduces the Holocaust Began: the Odyssey of Herschel Grynszpan 's attempt the! The Victims about Kristallnacht ( Night of Broken Glass, Night of Broken Glass that resulted the... On the condition that they begin the process of emigration from Germany walter Buch to,... Rath came into being and led to the wave of violent anti-Jewish took... Had entered a new radical phase in anti-Semitic activity '' camp where he died after a few days pogroms... Fine, Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of interconnected stories within... Annexed territories engaged in the, zi war against the Jewish people have a right to live and Jewish!

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